A Comprehensive Evaluation of 24 GHz CW Radar for Accurate Breathing and Heart Rate Monitoring

This study evaluates the potential of a 24 GHz continuous-wave (CW) radar for non-contact monitoring of vital signs, including breathing, pulse, and heart sounds. Instantaneous rates extracted from estimated heart sounds and breathing signals showed strong agreement with the reference systems, with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 2.46 beats/min and 0.57 breaths/min, respectively. Additionally, averaged heart rates obtained from radar-derived pulse signals had an MAE of 2.41 beats/min. Then, the analysis of breathing variability revealed that chest movement values are more widely distributed at lower breathing rates. The radar's ability to detect fine chest displacements associated with vital signs highlights its increased suitability for continuous and unobtrusive cardiorespiratory health monitoring.Clinical relevance-Explore the capabilities and limitations of cardiorespiratory signals extracted from CW radar in healthy subjects to detect instantaneous rates accurately.