Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation for initial dose optimization of levetiracetam in pediatrics

The combined PBPK-MLR approach provides a robust, data-driven framework to support rational first-dose prescriptions of LEV in children. This tool has the potential to accelerate therapeutic effects while enhancing treatment individualization. Prospective clinical validation is required to confirm the model predictive performance for drug exposure and, consequently, its impact on therapeutic efficacy.