Editorial: Sex-dependent modulation of neuroinflammation in the aging brain

Neuroinflammation has emerged as a dynamic and multifactorial process that is central to both normal brain aging and the progression of A systems-level framework, combining longitudinal profiling, network biology, and hormonal analysis, will be crucial to unravel how sex, glial cell dynamics, and environmental inputs interact to shape complex neuroinflammatory outcomes. Such mechanistic understanding will guide the design of targeted interventions and preventative strategies tailored to the distinct neurobiological needs of aging men and women.