RESULTS OF THE FORESIGHT STUDY IN THE FIELD OF “ENERGY” IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND NATIONAL PERSPECTIVES

The article examines the role of foresight studies in the energy sector, with a particular focus on Kazakhstan. Energy is defined as a key factor of economic growth, technological modernization, and environmental sustainability. The dual role of Kazakhstan’s energy sector is emphasized: on the one hand, it serves as the foundation of the national economy and exports; on the other hand, it is a source of risks associated with outdated infrastructure, high energy intensity, and dependence on fossil fuels. The research methodology included an analysis of international trends, expert surveys, and in-depth interviews with scientists and industry representatives. The obtained results made it possible to identify priority areas of scientific research and technologies aligned with the global transition toward low-carbon and digital energy. The findings of the study can be used to develop national innovation policy and enhance the long-term competitiveness of Kazakhstan.