Exploring consumers’ perception of shark and ray meat as a local food in Banyuwangi, Indonesia

Abstract Elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) have an ecologically important role in the ocean, yet they are increasingly threatened due to their high economic value. While international trade and using elasmobranch fins as food have received significant attention, meat consumption on a local scale is poorly understood. Elasmobranch meat provides an alternative protein source for coastal communities. As Indonesia’s largest elasmobranch fishing nation, this context is critical to examine local elasmobranch consumption dynamics. This study investigates consumer perceptions of elasmobranch meat in Muncar, East Java, one of Indonesia’s largest elasmobranch landing sites. A structured online survey (n = 164) was conducted to collect data on profiles, attitudes, levels of consumption, and local knowledge across the Banyuwangi area. Respondents showed a strong association with elasmobranch meat consumption, with 87% reporting that they have consumed it at least twice a week since childhood. Smoked fish cooked in coconut milk, called mangut , is the main traditional dish in the study area and has been practiced for generations, becoming people’s favorite. The main drivers of this consumption are local cultural affinities, taste, texture, and availability. Although 70% of participants were aware that sharks and rays are threatened by overfishing, habitat loss, and pollution, the results indicate that demand for elasmobranch meat remains high at the local level. Notably, 17% of respondents stated that there is no alternative or were unsure about substituting shark and ray meat. This persistent demand may drive higher catches of sharks and rays, potentially exacerbating population declines.