From biological evolution to solidarity organization: adaptive bases of human cooperation

The article analyzes the adaptive foundations of human cooperation, integrating concepts from evolutionary biology and solidarity economics to understand how principles of cooperation and reciprocal altruism explain the emergence and sustainability of solidarity organizations in contexts of socioeconomic crisis. A qualitative and transdisciplinary approach was employed, with a documentary and hermeneutic design, based on a bibliographic review of specialized sources in evolutionary biology, solidarity economics, and theories of cooperation. Bibliometric search equations and thematic analysis were used to identify analytical and emerging categories, such as "cooperation as an evolutionary strategy" and "group selection." Cooperation, both in nature and in solidarity economics, is an evolutionarily advantageous strategy that enhances group resilience and adaptability. Solidarity organizations replicate biological mechanisms like reciprocal altruism and group selection, demonstrating greater efficiency and sustainability in systemic crises.