Characteristics of fungicide resistance in Asian soybean rust ( <scp> <i>Phakopsora pachyrhizi</i> </scp> ) in Paraguay for 2022–2023: insights from genetic mutations and molecular dynamics simulations

These findings provide critical insights into the genetic basis of fungicide resistance in P. pachyrhizi and highlight the necessity for continuous molecular surveillance, resistance management, and strategic adaptation of fungicide applications to mitigate the spread of resistant strains in soybean-growing regions of South America. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.