Lifestyle Factors and Fertility in Couples Trying to Conceive: A Review of Evidence-Based Interventions

Infertility is a growing global public health concern, affecting an estimated 8–12% of couples of reproductive age. The causes are multifactorial, including non-modifiable biological and genetic factors as well as modifiable lifestyle and environmental influences. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to how daily habits, diet, physical activity, substance use, mental health, sleep quality, and environmental exposures impact fertility outcomes. Additionally, the biological aging of the reproductive system—particularly in the context of delayed parenthood—has become increasingly relevant. A comprehensive understanding of these factors and their mechanisms is essential for optimizing fertility care and improving reproductive outcomes.