Advancements in Brain Tumor Treatment: Harnessing Nanotechnology for Promising Solutions

Brain tumors, including brain metastases and gliomas, are among the worst cancers in the world due to the ineffectiveness of existing treatment techniques. Currently, many treatments are used to relieve pain and prolong survival time, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, although all are destructive and prolong the patient's lifespan by more than one year, and relapse is common even after effective treatment. Numerous factors contribute to the failure of cancer treatments, including physiological barriers like the Blood-Brain Tumor Barrier (BTB) and the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB), which are difficult for existing macromolecularantitumor medications to cross. These failure factors, together with the long-term success of treatment, necessitate new developments in brain tumor treatments. Nanomedicine has emerged as one of the most promising options for advancing or improving brain tumor care. Targeted drug delivery with nanoparticles has the potential to significantly reduce dosage, improve release characteristics, increase specificity and bioavailability, lengthen the shelf life, and lessen toxicity and side effects. Some nanodrugs can cross the BBB and BTB, which are major impediments to treating brain cancers. In this chapter, we will examine the current state of the art, as well as the most unique and exceptional innovations in treatment options, including a concise summary of preclinical and clinical research on nanodrugs in brain tumor therapy.