Fire Hazards and Suppression Methods in BESS

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) play a critical role in the energy sector, and significant investments are expected in this area in the coming years. The global BESS market is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of $24 \%$ between 2020 and 2032, reaching 50-55 billion USD by 2032. [1] In terms of capacity, the global installed capacity of BESS is expected to grow nearly tenfold, from 160 GWh in 2030 to $1,800 \mathrm{GWh}$. [2]In Turkey, the increase in renewable energy capacity is accelerating the growth in demand for BESS. According to the Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EPDK), as of December 2023, 5,968 BESS applications have been received for renewable energy plants with a total capacity of 260 GW. Furthermore, as of September 2024, the total capacity of pre-licenses granted has reached 34 GWh. [3]These data indicate significant growth and investment potential in the BESS sector both globally and in Turkey. This article will examine the general characteristics of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), application models, capacity structures, fire loads, and fire prevention and protection systems in lithiumion battery storage systems.