Contraceptive-induced menstrual changes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review

CIMC impacts contraceptive users in various ways depending on the contraceptive type and user's perception of it, highlighting the importance of counselling. Primary research must use standardised definitions of CIMC to improve data quality. Investment in research and development of innovative therapeutics and novel approaches to reducing CIMC is needed to mitigate the unmet need for contraception in LMICs.