A New Protocol for Modeling Human Factors in B2B E-commerce Projects: A Multi-Case Study Based on Experimental Observations

This paper explores the contribution of human factors to performance in B2B e-commerce projects, where success increasingly depends on organizational coordination and interpersonal dynamics. Despite their critical role, human factors are often excluded from decision-support systems due to their perceived heterogeneity and subjectivity. We address this gap through a multi-case experimental study grounded in the hypothesis that human factors function as interdependent variables with measurable effects on project outcomes. A structured protocol was applied across five real-world B2B e-commerce projects, combining qualitative observations and evaluation metrics. Human factors were categorized into experience-based and behavioral dimensions, then tracked longitudinally and analyzed through co-occurrence mapping. Results validate the hypothesis, confirming that human factors form observable interaction patterns that influence project performance. These findings support the integration of human dimensions into formal project governance models and decision-support systems, offering a foundation for future interdisciplinary research bridging organizational behav-ior and systems engineering.