Posttranslational modifications and its role in habitual miscarriage: prognosis, diagnosis and new approaches to therapy

The prevalence of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in women ranges from 1 to 5 %. Among the known causes of RPL, the role of post-translational protein modifications (PTMP) has been studied in recent years. These are protein structure transformations that complete the formation of their molecule or participate in the regulation of the functions of this molecule, catalyzed by specific enzymes. The aim. To assess the role of PTMP in the pathogenesis of RPL, as well as to determine potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of RPL. Material. A search of publications by keywords was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar, published before December 2024. Results. PTMB plays an important role in the processes of trophoblast invasion, endometrial decidualization and embryo implantation, which makes them significant for understanding reproductive dysfunction. The use of mass spectrometry to study PTMB opens up new possibilities for the diagnosis and prognosis of RPL. Epigenetic therapy of RPL demonstrates efficacy and a lower probability of side effects compared to traditional methods. Despite significant prospects, research in this area is accompanied by difficulties associated with heterogeneity of terminology and ethical issues. Conclusion. PTMB in the context of RPL can contribute to the improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in reproductive medicine. Further development of methodologies for studying PTMB is needed.