TGF-βRII/IL-15 immunotherapeutic complex targets exhausted CD8 ⁺ T-cell subsets in lymph nodes and tumors

Our findings demonstrate that combination therapy targeting immune cells critical for antitumor responses and blocking immune-suppressive environment significantly improves antitumor therapeutic efficacy. These findings provide a strong basis for using HCW9218 to enhance the efficacy of ICIs against solid tumors in the clinical setting.