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Introduction METHODS Finding all the relevant trials Judging the quality of trials Pain measurement: study design and validity Estimating relative effectiveness Combining data and interpreting the results Existing systematic reviews ACUTE PAIN Introduction Oral Ibuprofen and diclofenac in postoperative pain Comparing analgesic efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs given by different routes in acute and chronic pain Topically applied non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Injected morphine in postoperative pain Dihydrocodeine in postoperative pain Dextropropoxyphene in postoperative pain Single patient data meta-analysis of 3,453 postoperative patients: oral tramadol versus placebo, codeine, and combination analgesics Pain relief from intra-articular morphine after knee surgery Analgesic efficacy of peripheral opioids Pre-emptive analgesia: a systematic review of clinical studies to 1994 Trancutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Acute Postoperative Pain TENS in labour pains Acute pain - conclusion CHRONIC PAIN Introduction Radiotherapy for painful bone metastases Transcutaneous Electrical Pain stimulation in chronic pain Intravenous regional sympathetic blockade for reflex sympathetic dystrophy Epidural corticosteroids for sciatica Spinal cord stimulators for back pain Steroid injections for shoulder disorders Anticonvulsant drugs Antidepressants in neuropathic pain Systemic local anaesthetic type drugs in chronic pain Topical capsaicin Chronic pain conclusion