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A general overview is provided of biodiversity conservation in Africa which includes the current status and threats the action required for conservation and the priorities. Country profiles describe the status of biodiversity conservation in Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo Djibouti Equatorial Guinea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau the Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Reunion Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Uganda Zaire Zambia and Zimbabwe. The aim is to highlight the seriousness of biodiversity loss in Africa. The target audience is decision makers concerned with wildlife and protected area management and nongovernmental organizations in Africa. The proposed biological diversity action plan is broad-based and multisectoral and targets priority areas. The conservation strategy can be compatibly linked to sectoral development and focuses on conservation of wild species and natural ecosystems. Plan limitations are that issues are constantly changing and coverage of some topics is limited. There is no attempt to present the strategy as a final solution. Strategy is identified for adopting sustainability as a goal of economic and development policy for completing the establishment of a representative network of protected areas for improving wildlife management for adopting land use practices around protected areas for adopting wider land use policies to promote conservation for sustaining harvest management for developing strong conservation agencies for running public awareness and education programs for developing legal support and for implementing research activities. The central African equatorial forests particularly to the east and west of the Zaire basin is identified as a priority area. The Afrotropical Realm is modeled as a series of seven regional centers of endemism with distinctive flora and fauna and two centers on Madagascar. There are also eight transition zone and regional mosaics. The least protected species are in the Guineo-Congolian Afromontane and Madagascan areas.