AMBIENT-6G D2.2: Initial Report on Energy Neutral Device Hardware Design

Deliverable D2.2 advances the results of D2.1 by translating the capability taxonomy of energy-neutral device (END) into implementable hardware. The report consolidates options for light, thermal, vibration, and radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting (EH), together with architectures for dedicated wireless power transfer (WPT). It details efficient RF front ends and charge pumps, and compares ambient and dedicated power paths. It then examines multisource power management, including combining strategies, cold start, prioritization, energy balance monitoring, and voltage limiting, with attention to low quiescent consumption. The document surveys representative low-power device platforms, backscatter communication (BC), and wake-up radios that align communication effort with available energy. A component-level life cycle assessment (LCA) supports responsible choices of materials and modules. The outcomes provide a traceable map from D2.1 classes to hardware building blocks, and prepare the implementation and validation work of D2.3, which will deliver prototypes, reference designs, and measurement-based energy budgets.