Securing the Next Generation of Vehicles: Threats and Countermeasures in SDVs

As vehicles evolve into software-defined platforms, the cybersecurity landscape of modern transportation systems is undergoing rapid transformation. This paper examines the heightened risks associated with increased connectivity, complex software architectures, and cloud integration in Software-Defined Vehicles (SDVs). We analyze core threat vectors such as insecure communication protocols, OTA vulnerabilities, and AI-based attacks. Furthermore, we outline a layered cybersecurity framework, practical mitigation strategies, and the role of artificial intelligence in threat detection and prevention. This comprehensive study combines insights from real-world deployments and scholarly research to propose a future-proof approach to automotive cybersecurity