MACROCOMPONENT COMPOSITION OF SURFACE WATERS OF PROTECTED AREAS – AS AN ECOLOGICAL INDICATOR (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CARPATHIAN BIOSPHERE RESERVE)

The work provides a description of the macrocomponent (salt) composition of the main rivers of the Uholsko-Shyrokoluzhansky massif of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve - Velika Ugolka, Mala Ugolka, Luzhanka rivers and their tributaries. As a result of monitoring studies, the background contents of SO42–, Cl–, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3–, Na++K+, mineralization and pH were established. Two groups of factors were considered: direct factors that directly affect water - the composition of rocks and precipitation (snow) and indirect factors - climate, relief. It is shown that rivers are not susceptible to anthropogenic impact and their salt composition can be used as reference values (ecological indicator) to assess the pollution of the region's ecosystems.