Living systems, living solutions: Advancing Nature-based Solutions across European landscapes

From the resilience found in the genes of wild strawberries to the ancient knowledge of Sámi reindeer herders, Europe is rich with nature-based solutions waiting to be scaled up. This research shows that our most powerful tools for climate adaptation are often living systems. By shifting to perennial crops, we can build healthier soils and more sustainable farms. By restoring our coastal salt marshes, we can create natural defences against rising seas. Crucially, these solutions cannot be imposed from the top down; their success depends on co-creation with the farmers, fishers, and local communities who hold essential knowledge, ensuring that we build a future that is resilient for both people and nature.