Cost-Effective AI-Driven Integrated Photonics for Spectroscopic Analysis in Biofuels

Spectroscopy is a powerful non-invasive technique increasingly enhanced by integrated photonics, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT), enabling the development of compact, smart analytical devices. This work presents a cost-effective spectroscopic platform combining near-infrared (NIR) sensors, AI algorithms, and IoT communication for real-time analysis. The system was validated for ethanol fuel quality control by accurately quantifying water content. Additionally, it shows strong potential for non-invasive healthcare diagnostics and agricultural quality assessment. Its versatility makes it a promising tool for decentralized, rapid, and autonomous analysis across various industrial and agricultural applications.