NAVIGATING THE FUTURE: A REPORT ON THE CURRENT STATE AND FUTURE PATH OF ENERGY TRANSITION IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR

Decarbonisation of road transport was until recently considered the most challenging part of the climate agenda. Still the ascent of electric vehicles is making significant advances possible while, at the same time, opening several new complex conundrums: integration of power and transport systems, establishing supply chains of needed materials and conversion of existing industries to new products. At the same time, the decarbonisation of heavy road transport, aviation, and maritime transport raises many questions regarding the prevailing fuels and technologies that will secure net zero emissions of greenhouse gases. Different e-fuels like ammonia, methanol, and similar liquid fuels synthesised from green hydrogen look like a possible solution. This decade is crucial since the whole process, which is essential for achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement, depends on decisions made soon. CAETS Energy Community E-Mobility Working Group This report was written by the members of the E-Mobility Working Group 2023-2024, lead authors of specific chapters were Neven Duić (HATZ, Croatia), Chris Hendrickson (NAE, United States), Lian Yubo (nominated by CAE, China), Patrick Pelata (NATF, France), Robert L. Evans (CAE, Canada), Iva Ridjan Skov (HATZ, Croatia), Vaughan Beck (ATSE, Australia), Jaime Dominguez (RAI, Spain), Pine Pienaar (SAAE, South Africa) and Elena Funk (ATV, Denmark). All chapter authors were of great help in providing, beyond their engineering expertise, country-specific and region-specific input for analysis, and Antun Pfeifer (Croatia) was providing technical assistance for the publication. This report has been produced with the support of the Croatian Academy of Technical Sciences of Croatia, the National Academy of Engineering of the United States and CAETS. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of Croatia or United States, and do not necessarily reflect the views of any CAETS member Academies. This report was discussed by the International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences (CAETS) which agreed to submit the report to international journals and policymakers worldwide. The authors are grateful to the delegates for their input, comments, and suggestions. Any errors or omissions are the sole responsibility of the authors.