Physical and chemical indicators of composted peas straw with the participation of a domestic biodestructor

The article presents the results of the study of the composting process of spoiled pea straw using a domestically produced biodestructor. It has been established that in Ukraine and worldwide, significant volumes of by-products of leguminous crops, in particular peas, remain unused in animal husbandry and are subject to disposal. Traditional methods, such as ploughing straw, have both positive and negative consequences, and a promising direction is the production of bio-compost using microbiological preparations. The aim of the study was to investigate the temperature dynamics and changes in the chemical composition of pea straw biomass during its fermentation using different doses of the Kompanaza biodestructor. The experiment was conducted in four groups: a control group without a biological preparation and three experimental groups, where the biodestructor was used in doses of 7.0, 14.0 and 28.0 cm³/t. Fermentation lasted 110 days in piles weighing 260 kg, with periodic aeration. It was found that already on the second day, the temperature in the experimental groups was 5.8–11.7 % higher than in the control group. The most intense heating was observed when the maximum dose of the biodestructor (28.0 cm³/t) was applied, where on the 4th day the temperature exceeded the control by 72.7 %, and the thermophilic regime lasted the longest – 10 days longer than the control. The effect of the biodestructor on the chemical composition of straw has been proven. The crude protein content after composting decreased in all groups, but when the biological product was applied, its level was 12.0–16.1 % higher than in the control (P < 0.05). Nitrogen losses in biomass were lower in the experimental groups: 4.6–17.1 % less than in the control group. The calcium content after fermentation increased with an increase in the dose of the biodestructor and in the III experimental group exceeded the control by 14.5 % (P < 0.05). Phosphorus losses were lower when using the biological product; at the highest dose, its content was 16.9 % higher than in the control. Thus, it has been established that the use of a domestically produced biodestructor during the composting of pea straw intensifies mineralization processes, increases the fermentation temperature, reduces nutrient losses and contributes to the enrichment of biomass with calcium and crude protein. The results obtained confirm the feasibility of using biological products for the disposal of legume by-products for the production of high-quality organic fertilizers.