Integration of Renewable Energy Systems into Smart Building Design : A Case Study of Net-Zero Energy Building (NZEB)

This thesis examines the coexistence of renewable energy systems in smart building systems to promote the implementation of Net-Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs) in the residential sector. It concerns how renewable sources, notably solar photovoltaic (PV), wind, and biomass, can be harmonized with IoT-based energy management systems in order to facilitate better performance of buildings. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining quantitative data from system performance monitoring and qualitative insights from stakeholder interviews. The study centers on a case analysis of ‘House B’, a retrofitted multistory residential building in Kungsbacka, Sweden, incorporating rooftop solar PV, improved building envelope insulation, advanced ventilation with heat recovery and real-time IoT-based control systems. The findings showed that the blending of renewable sources of energy with smart energy management has a positive impact on observed energy efficiency and aids with NZEB compliance. The real-time monitoring and optimizing of energy use through IoT-oriented systems has enabled more efficient operation. Still, challenges remain in the high upfront costs, complexity of integration and requirements for management of the systems. The study offers an effective framework for NZEB execution in residential buildings to solve these obstacles.This system stresses adaptable technologies, integrated design, and phased investments consistent with long-term energy objectives.For architects, engineers, legislators, and urban planners seeking to hasten the change toward sustainable, energy-efficient housing, it offers useful advice.The study advances the expanding body of knowledge on smart NZEBs and encourages the replication of like retrofits in equivalent metropolitan areas, therefore supporting future planning initiatives for resilient and low-carbon residential projects.