Educational Interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental condition that presents persistent challenges for education. Improved diagnostic practices and growing awareness have contributed to a rising prevalence, increasing the demand for inclusive and evidence-based educational strategies. Intervention approaches have progressed from structured behavioral models toward developmental frameworks, and more recently, toward technology-enhanced systems that integrate artificial intelligence, virtual reality, robotics, and neurofeedback. These evolving methods have demonstrated varying levels of effectiveness in supporting learning, social communication, and adaptive functioning, yet each retains notable limitations. To address these gaps, an AI-driven personalized adaptive intervention framework is proposed to provide individualized, scalable, and accessible educational support for learners with ASD across diverse contexts.