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Abstract Winter camelina ( Camelina sativa L.) can be grown as an intermediate oilseed crop following spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) with soybean ( Glycine max L.) relay planted the following spring into the camelina, producing three crops in 2 years. Winter camelina provides early spring ground cover that reduces soil erosion and improves water quality; however, camelina fall biomass production is limited. Here, we investigated whether interseeding tillage radish ( Raphanus sativus L.) in the fall between rows of winter camelina improved fall soil cover, spring soil moisture, nitrogen cycling, and crop productivity of the winter camelina‐soybean relay crop system. Soybean was planted into the winter‐terminated tillage radish rows prior to camelina flowering in the spring. Data on NDVI, soil moisture, crop biomass, soil N and P content, weed populations, crop seed yield, and oil content were measured. Intercropping tillage radish with winter camelina increased fall soil coverage and early spring water infiltration over winter camelina alone in 1 out of 2 years. Tillage radish did not affect camelina growth or productivity, but had a positive effect on soybean yield (2703 kg ha −1 ), oil content (222 kg ha −1 ), and oil yield (600 kg ha −1 ) as well as the total oil yield of camelina plus soybean (996 kg ha −1 ) relative to the camelina only treatment (2401, 216, 520, and 925 kg ha −1 , respectively). Fall intercropping of tillage radish into winter camelina may be used to improve environmental benefits and overall system productivity of the winter camelina‐soybean relay crop system.