Alternative Methods for the Control of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Small Ruminants

Due to the wide prevalence of anthelmintic-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) and the pathogenicity of Haemonchus contortus, alternative control methods have been studied by the American Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control and conditions in which to optimize their use via effective presentation to farmers. Such methods include copper oxide wire particles with anthelmintic properties, nematode trapping fungus to forestall nematodes from becoming infective on pasture, and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crystal proteins, a biological dewormer. Other alternative approaches are discussed. Methods such as the above should be applied in relation to farm conditions and used alongside targeted selective treatment and paired with anthelmintics as appropriate.