Functional Outcomes After Reoperation for Recurrent Glioma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Karnofsky Performance Status with Descriptive Health-Related Quality-of-Life Reporting

Across heterogeneous observational cohorts, reoperation for recurrent glioma was not associated with a consistent decline in functional status as measured by KPS, although substantial variability and uncertainty in outcomes remain. HRQoL reporting remains sparse and inconsistent, underscoring the need for prospective, multicenter studies employing standardized HRQoL instruments to better define quality-of-life trajectories after reoperation.