Preeclampsia: Medical and Social Risks and Economic Consequences. A Systematic View of the 21st Century Obstetric Problem

Preeclampsia is not just an obstetric complication, but a systemic cardiometabolic stress test that reveals hidden risks to maternal and child health for decades to come. Recognized as one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality, preeclampsia goes far beyond the gestational period: it is a powerful predictor of future diseases in women, as well as a risk factor for developmental disorders, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension in offspring. This work presents a comprehensive analysis of risk factors and pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, modern approaches to prevention and treatment, as well as the socio-economic burden of preeclampsia on the healthcare system and society. Special attention is paid to the formation of an interdisciplinary management model for such patients, including the principles of lifelong follow-up. Preeclampsia requires rethinking: from episodic obstetric intervention to a strategy for long-term health care for two generations. This dictates the need for close cooperation between obstetricians and gynecologists, cardiologists, neurologists, endocrinologists and therapists to form a unified life strategy for protecting women’s health. Its consequences are systemic and prolonged, which makes it one of the key problems not only in obstetrics, but also in healthcare in general.