Integrated Analysis of an Innovative Composite Polycaprolactone Membrane and a Jason Membrane in Guided Bone Regeneration

In the context of guided bone regeneration (GBR), the selection of an appropriate resorbable membrane plays a crucial role in the clinical success of the procedure. Precise knowledge about the distinct differences in properties is fundamental for correct selection of the membrane. This article presents an integrated comparative analysis between membranes, conducted for this given purpose and one step beyond: to fabricate a novel membrane with dedicated enhanced properties according to the targeted function. Our previous analysis showed that polymer membranes that met most histopathological criteria also produced the most remarkable results when radiologically observed. The most effective scaffolds were those containing active macromolecules released conditionally and staged. The PLGA and polycaprolactone scaffolds were found in this category and they granted a marked increase in bone density and improvement in osteoinduction. Based on these results, we decided to create a new polycaprolactone membrane in order to compare it with a standard currently on the market, the Jason membrane. The Jason^® membrane is a natural collagen scaffold derived from porcine pericardium. Due to the unique production process, the membrane shows a natural honeycomb-like, multilayered collagen structure with an increased content of collagen type III, leading to remarkable tear resistance and a slow degradation rate. Also, the low thickness of 0.05-0.35 mm facilitates the soft tissue management. The Jason scaffold was compared to an innovative synthetic membrane based on polycaprolactone (PCL), focusing on their physicochemical characteristics, biological behavior, and clinical applicability. The Jason^® membrane was distinguished by its high biocompatibility and rapid integration, while PCL offered superior mechanical stability and long-term durability, making it a preferred option for complex or customized 3D regenerations. Based on this integrated analysis, we fabricated an innovative electrospun PCL membrane, enriched with a novel synthesized nanohydroxyapatite, in order to enhance its specific properties for the beneficial use in targeted reconstructions.