CONVERSION OF LIGNOCELLULOUS BIOMASS TO PRODUCE BIOFUEL

The article analyzes lignocellulosic biomass generated as a result of agricultural activities for processing into biofuels; the composition of lignocellulosic materials; a comparative characteristic of methods for pre-processing lignocellulosic biomass in biofuel production technologies and comparative data on the production of bioethanol from various lignocellulosic materials. Lignocellulosic materials, which are the main component of the plant cell wall, are a complex structure, rich in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Their composition varies depending on the source, age of the plants and environmental conditions, which indicates a significant biological and economic diversity of these resources. In the conditions of modern agro-industrial processes, a large amount of waste containing lignocellulose is formed, which opens up prospects for their processing and reuse in various industries, such as biomaterials production, bioenergy and agriculture. The effective use of these wastes not only contributes to reducing the environmental load, but also to the development of a sustainable biomass-based economy, which makes this area relevant for further research and practical application. One of the main problems in the processing of lignocellulosic materials is their complex structure, which complicates the effective extraction of valuable components. Pretreatment is required to extract biomass components (i.e. cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) or to change the structure. Pretreatment is a key step in the overall process of overcoming biomass recalcitrance. Analysis of data on the processing of lignocellulosic raw materials into biofuels has shown that the most effective pretreatment is carried out using steam explosion or discrete-pulse energy input using rotary-pulsation devices. In both cases, the main effective force acting on the destruction of the lignocellulosic complex is cavitation.