Preparing for Lassa Fever Re-emergence: Epidemiology, Food Storage Practices, and Public Health Strategies

Lassa fever (LF) is an acute viral haemorrhagic disease caused by the Lassa virus (LASV), a member of the Arenaviridae family. It remains a significant zoonotic threat across West Africa, particularly in rural communities where access to healthcare, sanitation, and adequate food storage systems is limited. This study examines the relationship between agricultural storage practices and the spread of LF, emphasizing how traditional and modern storage methods influence disease transmission in rural settings. The primary reservoir host, Mastomys natalensis (the multimammate rat), commonly inhabits human dwellings and farmlands, contaminating stored food items with virus-laden excreta. Changing agricultural behaviours such as the extended storage or hoarding of farm produce in anticipation of better market prices, further increase human exposure, especially where rodent-proof storage facilities are unavailable. Although awareness of LF is relatively widespread, many rural farmers underestimate the role of food contamination in disease transmission and rarely implement effective rodent control measures. Evidence from community engagement programs suggests that health education tailored to local languages, cultural values, and indigenous practices can significantly improve food safety and storage behaviours. To mitigate LF transmission, this paper advocates for multi-sectoral interventions combining health education, improved storage infrastructure, and culturally sensitive policy initiatives. Governmental and non-governmental stakeholders should prioritize subsidized access to rodent-proof storage systems, continuous public health campaigns, and community-based surveillance. Addressing both behavioural factors and infrastructural deficiencies is essential for reducing LASV transmission, strengthening rural food security, and promoting sustainable health outcomes in endemic regions of West Africa.