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Background. The pathogenesis of odontogenic neoplasms is associated with disturbances in the morphogenesis of the tooth crown, root, and periodontium. However, existing classification systems vary considerably and fail to capture the full complexity of these pathological processes, which complicates the precise division of odontogenic tumors based on the developmental stages of tooth anomalies. Purpose – to analyze the prevalence of odontogenic tumors, compare dental developmental anomalies with the histological structure of odontogenic tumors, and examine the immunohistochemical patterns of these neoplasms, as well as their diagnostic and treatment methods. Materials and Methods. A total of 204 cases of odontogenic tumors were examined by histological and immunohistochemical (Ki-67, CK34, CKpan, and Vimentin) methods. Computed tomography scanning and 3D image processing were performed using Image Pro software with a validated analysis algorithm, followed by statistical analysis. Results. In the field of maxillofacial surgery, benign soft tissue neoplasms such as atheromas, hemangiomas, papillomas, as well as retention cysts of the mucous and salivary glands, were frequently observed. During the study period, an increase in the number of cases unrelated to odontogenic tumors was noted. Cases of ameloblastoma were more commonly diagnosed in males (67.9%) than in females (32.05%), and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.01). Conversely, in the later stages of tooth development, follicular cysts were observed more frequently in females (59.4%) than in males (40.5%). Significant differences were identified between the first and second stages of tooth development in females (p = 0.05), as well as between the second and third stages (p = 0.05). In males, statistically significant differences were observed between the first and second stages (p = 0.05) and between the second and third stages (p = 0.01). Conclusions. Development of odontogenic tumors is driven by a complex of disturbances in morphogenetic regulation, including delays in specific stages of development and disorganization of tissue differentiation processes.