Non-prescription dispensing of veterinary medicines for treating mastitis in dairy cattle among non-veterinary personnel in selected districts of Zambia

Non-prescription dispensing of veterinary antibiotics for mastitis by non-veterinary personnel is widespread, posing significant AMR risks to animal, human, and environmental health. Strengthened regulatory oversight, antimicrobial stewardship training, and collaboration between veterinarians and drug outlet owners are essential to promote responsible antibiotic use and curb AMR.