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Traditional herbal enhancement substances, commonly referred to as Kayan Mata, are widely used in many parts of Northern Nigeria, particularly among married women, to enhance sexual desire, intimacy, and marital harmony. Rooted in indigenous knowledge systems and transmitted across generations, Kayan Mata occupies a significant socio-cultural space within Hausa society. Despite its widespread use, the practice has generated mixed reactions due to growing health, ethical, and regulatory concerns. This study examines the merits and demerits of the use of Kayan Mata with a view to understanding its perceived benefits, potential risks, and broader social implications in contemporary society. The study adopts a qualitative descriptive approach, drawing on secondary sources such as academic literature, health reports, ethnographic studies, and documented cultural practices. In addition, insights from informal observations and reported experiences of users and traditional practitioners are synthesised to provide a balanced analysis. The findings reveal that the merits of Kayan Mata include enhancement of sexual satisfaction, strengthening of marital bonds, preservation of cultural heritage, and provision of affordable alternatives to modern pharmaceutical enhancers. Conversely, the demerits include health risks arising from unregulated preparation, lack of dosage standardisation, possible adulteration with synthetic drugs, and potential psychological dependency. Social and ethical issues, such as misinformation, exploitation, and misuse, were also identified. While Kayan Mata continues to play a functional role in marital and cultural life, its unregulated nature poses significant public health challenges. The tension between cultural acceptance and medical safety highlights the need for informed dialogue and structured regulation without undermining indigenous knowledge systems. The use of Kayan Mata presents both notable benefits and serious drawbacks. Maximising its merits while minimising its risks requires public education, research-based validation, and regulatory engagement with traditional practitioners to ensure safer usage.