VHH-based CAR-T cells targeting Claudin 18.2 show high efficacy in pancreatic cancer models

This study establishes an effective framework for developing CLDN18.2-specific VHHs and demonstrates their successful integration into CAR-T cell therapy. The humanized HM2-CAR-T cells not only maintain high antigen specificity but also exhibit strong effector functions and pronounced antitumor activity in preclinical models. These findings support the clinical promise of VHH-based CAR-T cells as a next-generation immunotherapy for CLDN18.2-expressing malignancies, particularly PDAC, where effective treatment options remain limited.