Presence and implications of viviparity in Tillandsia recurvata [heno motita], collected within the campus of the Technological University of Tula-Tepeji [UTTT]

True viviparity in Tillandsia recurvata has been observed in trees on the campus of the Technological University of Tula-Tepeji, within the area of influence of the Endhó Dam, Hidalgo. This reproductive phenomenon, in which the seed germinates within the fruit before dispersal, represents an adaptive strategy in the face of extreme environmental conditions such as air pollution, high temperatures, and water stress. The seedling emerges protected from the fruit, increasing its chances of survival and facilitating accelerated colonization of the host tree. However, this advantage for the species represents an ecological threat, as its proliferation reduces photosynthesis in trees, accelerates their structural weakening, and decreases forest cover. This study proposes considering viviparity as a possible bioindicator of environmental deterioration. Monitoring, management, and control strategies are suggested to mitigate its expansion, especially in areas affected by high pollutant loads and climate vulnerability.