Distinguishing Hybrid Cardiac Rehabilitation Models and Comparing Their Effectiveness: A Systematic Review

Twenty-six studies were identified, and HCR were classified into 3 types: (1) sequential programs (initial CBCR followed by home-based cardiac rehabilitation only); (2) progressive programs (gradual shift from center-based to home-based); (3) simultaneous programs (CBCR with concurrent home-based sessions). All 3 HCR models achieved results comparable to those of CBCR in terms of functional capacity, HRQoL, anxiety, and depression. Participants reported high levels of adherence and satisfaction with HCR programs. However, the effectiveness of HCR programs on PA levels and long-term effects remains inconclusive. The three HCR models provide similar outcomes to CBCR and thus appear to be promising alternatives to CBCR.