Poligami sebagai Rukhṣah dalam Tafsir M. Quraish Shihab: Kajian Epistemologis atas Keadilan dan Batas Etis

Polygamy is an issue that continues to raise debates in the discourse of Islamic law and modern family law, especially related to the principles of justice and the protection of women's rights. This study aims to analyze polygamy from the perspective of M. Quraish Shihab, by examining the meaning of justice and the ethical limits of polygamy through the interpretation of Q.S. An-Nisa verses 3 and 129. This research employs a qualitative approach in library research, utilizing the method of thematic interpretation (mauḍū'ī) and an interpretive-analytical approach to the works of Quraish Shihab, particularly Tafsir al-Mishbah, and contextualizes these works within the discourse of Islamic marriage law. The results of the study show that polygamy in Islamic teachings is not positioned as a command or encouragement, but as rukhṣah (leniency) limited by strict conditions of justice. Quraish Shihab emphasizes the distinction between outward and measurable material justice and affective justice related to love and the inclination of the heart, which by nature, is difficult to manifest perfectly. Q.S. An-Nisa verse 129 serves as a moral warning of the high risk of injustice in the practice of polygamy. Epistemologically, these findings suggest that Shihab's interpretation balances the authority of the text with the social context and ethical purpose of the Qur'an, so that monogamy is understood as the form of marriage that comes closest to the ideal of Islamic ethics, while polygamy is a strictly limited exception and full of moral responsibility.