Emerging Life Science Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security

Sustainable agriculture and global food security are among the most pressing priorities of modern life sciences. Rapid population growth, climate change, soil degradation, and shrinking natural resources have intensified the need for innovative, science-based agricultural solutions. Recent advances in life sciences have introduced powerful technologies that enhance crop productivity, resilience, and environmental sustainability. This chapter presents an in-depth discussion of emerging life science technologies including molecular breeding, genome editing, plant–microbe interactions, biofertilizers, biopesticides, omics-based approaches, and nanobiotechnology. Emphasis is placed on their concepts, mechanisms, and applications in sustainable agriculture and food production systems. The chapter also highlights policy relevance, socio-economic impact, and future research prospects, underscoring the transformative role of life sciences in achieving long-term food security