Investigating biomarkers associated with mortality in patients receiving VA-ECMO for cardiogenic shock: a systematic review

Serum lactate was the biomarker most utilized to assess the risk of mortality. Serum creatinine (Scr), bilirubin, AST, and ALT also demonstrated significance in predicting mortality, although not as widely studied as serum lactate. Future research is needed to further investigate the usage of Scr, bilirubin, AST, and ALT to better assess their significance, regarding VA-ECMO mortality in patients diagnosed with cardiogenic shock. Further research is also warranted to investigate the minimal concentration of these biomarkers and their association with mortality to allow clinicians a better predictor of a patient's mortality risk while receiving VA-ECMO.