In Vitro Analysis of Flow Rates in Peripheral Catheter Devices: Implications for Emergency Fluid Resuscitation

In an idealized system, the use of high-flow stopcocks allows for an 8%-10% increase in flow rate compared to needleless connectors, correlating to an additional 400 mL of fluid delivered over a 20-minute period. The 2-way high-flow stopcock could provide a significant advantage by delivering increased flow rates while offering a compact design that maintains a low operational footprint. Given the impact of rapid fluid administration in trauma and resuscitation, high-flow stopcocks may enhance emergency care efficiency in austere combat environments.