Antimicrobial resistance, extended-spectrum β-lactamase determinants, and virulence gene profiles of Escherichia coli along the pork production chain in central Thailand

The high prevalence of AMR, MDR, and ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> throughout the pork production chain highlights slaughterhouses and fresh markets as key points for the spread of resistant bacteria. These findings emphasize the need for stronger antimicrobial stewardship, better hygiene practices, and ongoing AMR surveillance within the One Health approach to reduce public health risks linked to pork consumption.