Epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic characterization of breast cancer cell line reference samples

Next-generation sequencing requires accuracy, reproducibility, and standardized reference materials. The Sequencing Quality Control (SEQC-2) multicenter studies on paired breast cancer and B cell lines generated extensive genomic datasets, but integrated epigenomic and proteomic references remain limited. Here, we performed Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq), Methyl-seq, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and proteomic profiling to establish comprehensive multi-omics reference materials. We identified >7,700 protein groups, with 95% of genes encoding a single peptide isoform. Protein expression from CpG island (CGI)-overlapping transcripts was higher than non-CGI transcripts in both cell lines. Certain SNVs were incorporated into mutated peptides. Chromatin accessibility was regulated by CG density: CG-rich regions showed lower methylation, greater accessibility, and higher gene/protein expression, whereas CG-poor regions exhibited higher methylation, reduced accessibility, and cell line-specific expression patterns. These datasets provide well-defined genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic characterizations that can serve as benchmarks for validating omics assays and bioinformatics methods, offering a valuable community resource.