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Xinru Yu,1 Yuhong Jin,1 Jialu Sun,2 Mingyue Jin,3 Shuyue Bai,1 Runhe Zhu,4 Yike Zhang,4 Yueran Lu,4 Jing-Yan Song,5 Yingjie Ma5 1Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine School of Pharmacy, Jinan, Shandong, 250399, People’s Republic of China; 2Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250399, People’s Republic of China; 3Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Jinan, Shandong, 250399, People’s Republic of China; 4Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250399, People’s Republic of China; 5Reproductive and Genetic Center of Integrative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yingjie Ma, Email 545914553@qq.com Jing-Yan Song, Email hanlingjuzei91@126.comAbstract: Biopharmaceuticals, especially protein- and nucleic acid-based drugs, have demonstrated remarkable therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of various diseases. However, their complex molecular structures make them prone to physical and chemical instabilities such as aggregation, degradation, and hydrolysis, which severely limit their clinical applications. Microemulsions, as thermodynamically stable and spontaneously formed nanoscale colloidal dispersion systems, have emerged as an effective strategy to improve the stability of biopharmaceuticals owing to their excellent encapsulation capacity, structural stability, and formulation flexibility. This review systematically summarizes the basic composition and structural characteristics of microemulsions, as well as their mechanisms in regulating drug release behavior. Using representative examples such as ketorolac, curcumin, resveratrol, and quercetin, it further analyzes the potential of microemulsions to enhance drug permeability, prolong pharmacological action, and improve therapeutic efficacy. In addition, the review discusses current technical challenges faced by microemulsion technology and explores its future prospects in targeted delivery and gene therapy applications, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for microemulsion-based strategies to enhance the stability of biopharmaceuticals.Keywords: microemulsion, biopharmaceutical stability, protein aggregation, nucleic acid drugs, drug delivery system, self-microemulsifying drug delivery system, bioavailability