Global Surgery and Health Equity: Integrating Education, Research, and Policy—A Perspective Review

Bridging global surgical inequities demands a coordinated, decolonial approach linking education, research, and policy. Building local capacity, prioritizing LMIC leadership, and embedding surgical care within broader health systems are essential to achieving sustainable, equitable progress. Global surgery must evolve from fragmented efforts into a cohesive movement that views surgical care as a fundamental human right. Future work should articulate clearer stakeholder-specific strategies, particularly for governments, academic institutions, NGOs, and funders, to ensure that integrated approaches translate into actionable, context-appropriate reforms.