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Objectives: The aim of this work was to identify different bioactive molecules reported in the leaf and seed extracts of the selected plant Datura metel using bioanalytical techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and to assess the efficacy of the extracts for their antidiabetic properties. Methods: Shimadzu GC-MS QP 2010 was used on plant extracts through a standard protocol for phytochemical analysis. For the in vitro antidiabetic analysis, an α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assay was performed, in addition to total phenol assay, total flavonoid assay, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. Results: A total of 48 compounds in leaves and 46 compounds in seeds were identified through GC-MS analysis. The important bioactive compounds are dibutyl phthalate, neophytadiene, campesterol, 3,4-divanillyltetrahydrofuran, aposcopolamine, (Z)-18-octadec-9-enolide, scopolamine, and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol in leaf and seed extracts. The D. metel leaves (DM-L) had a high α-amylase inhibition (IC50=53.26 μg/mL), followed by D. metel seed (DM-S) (IC50=54.129 μg/mL) with respect to the standard acarbose (IC50=65.46 μg/mL), and this demonstrates its strong antidiabetic properties. In the same manner, the inhibition of α-glucosidase had an IC50 of 77.73 μg/mL in DM-L and 115.96 μg/mL in DM-S, as opposed to 42.98 μg/mL in acarbose. Conclusion: In general, these findings demonstrate that D. metel extracts, particularly the leaf extract, have a high antidiabetic potential because it have a great α-amylase inhibitory effect and antioxidant activity, suggesting the use of plant extracts as hypoglycemic agents, and in pharmacological or non-pharmacological approaches for diabetes. The reported phytochemicals are associated with different biological activities, namely, anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and others.
Published in: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research