Incremental Impact of Lower Extremity Arthritis and Cervical Deformity on Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Thoracolumbar Spinal Deformity Patients

HOA patients undergoing deformity correction have worse preoperative physical disability and impaired postoperative functional recovery. KOA is associated with greater psychological burden. Severe CD has smaller physical impact. These findings highlight the need for individualized, multidisciplinary management strategies, with particular emphasis on early identification and targeted intervention for hip pathology to optimize outcomes.