Gasoline Particulate Filter for Future Indian Regulation

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Globally, emission regulations for LDVs (Light Duty Vehicles) are becoming increasingly stringent. In Europe, EU7 regulations will tighten the PN (Particulate Number) requirements by applying PN10 with PN value target 6.0+E11 [#/km] and changing the CF (Conformity Factor) value from 1.5 to 1.34 for RDE (Real Driving Emission). This necessitates the use of GPF (Gasoline Particulate Filter) capable of meeting these PN regulations. Similarly, India is also tightening its PN regulations by referencing European standards. Under the current BS VI Stage 2, in-use compliance test procedures, including RDE measurements using PEMS (Portable Emission Measurement System), necessitate GPFs for GDI (Gasoline Direct Injection) engines. Furthermore, around April 2027, the transition from BS VI Stage 2 to BS VI Stage 3 is expected, with a change of driving cycle from MIDC to WLTC up to Phase 3. Additionally, discussions on BS VII regulations, referencing EU7, have begun, and similar stricter PN requirements could be required for PFI (Port Fuel Injection) engines as well. GPFs have been primarily developed Europe and China, but to meet Indian regulations and market requirements, it is necessary to evaluate GPFs that are suited to the actual driving conditions in India. Therefore, WLTC up to Phase 3 and RDE tests have confirm the effectiveness of different cordierite ceramic GPFs with varying pore characteristics, both catalyzed and uncoated, under Indian driving conditions, to arrive at the optimal GPF design for GDI engine vehicles for India. This test results provide technical insights to comply with the upcoming regulations for GDI engine vehicles.</div></div>