Management and biosecurity practices in village chicken flocks in the Central-Northern region of Burkina Faso

Background: Improvements in chicken management, husbandry, biosecurity, and hygiene can potentially secure and improve smallholders’ livelihoods in two ways: by reducing flock exposure to foodborne and environmental pathogens, and by increasing production for sale and home consumption. Interventions to improve flock hygiene and productivity are often not adequately tailored to achieve maximal impact with limited resources. Aim: This study assessed the management and biosecurity practices of 483 village chicken producers in 23 villages in Burkina Faso. Methods: Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA) was carried out on 29 variables representing the main aspects of management and biosecurity practices that differentiate flocks. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) was conducted on flock MFA scores using Ward’s criteria for linkage. Results: Results revealed three clusters associated with chicken keeping type, waste management, and disease control practices. Although the clustering was weak, the practices that differentiated flock management practices, in order of importance, were frequency and methods of cleaning chicken shelters and household courtyards; animal health practices such as deworming and quarantining newly purchased birds; disposal of dead birds; and the use of feces as fertilizers for crops. Variables related to the purchase and sale of chickens, as well as the use of sales revenues, were less decisive in differentiating flock management practices. Conclusions: This understanding will make it possible to design local targeted interventions that meet the specific needs of each flock management cluster rather than relying on a one-size-fits-all approach. Findings from this study will inform the development of context-specific, resource-efficient strategies to strengthen biosecurity in village chicken production systems across rural Burkina Faso.